Articles
Sports medicine & rehabilitation articles
Dr. Wu writes about ultrasound-guided injection therapy, running and sports injuries, tendon and joint problems, bone health, and exercise prescription. Every article below is available in English — any new piece not yet translated links to its Chinese original.
- 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
媽媽手一定要開刀嗎？De Quervain 的診斷與治療
抱小孩、滑手機、擠奶後拇指根部與手腕外側劇痛，是媽媽手嗎？這篇談媽媽手是什麼、怎麼靠理學檢查診斷、為什麼有人反覆復發、第一線保守治療怎麼做、注射與手術的時機，以及哺乳期能不能注射。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
脊椎滑脫第二度要開刀嗎？保守治療與手術時機
聽到脊椎滑脫很多人會很緊張，是不是快掉下來、第二度就要融合？這篇談滑脫的類型與分級、為什麼多數低度滑脫可以先保守治療、核心與臀髖該怎麼練、活動怎麼修正，以及什麼時候該進入手術評估。
Read in Chinese - 運動 2026 Read in Chinese
運動能改善失眠嗎？從實證到運動處方
跑步真的能讓我比較好睡嗎？為什麼晚上重訓反而更睡不著？失眠藥能不能用運動代替？這篇談運動對睡眠的實證強度、運動時段與類型的選擇、和認知行為治療與藥物的關係，以及一份實用的運動處方。
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2026 Read in Chinese
旋轉肌肌腱病變打 PRP 有用嗎？適應症與正確期待
旋轉肌肌腱病變或部分撕裂打 PRP 比類固醇好嗎？復健半年還是痛，值得試嗎？這篇談旋轉肌病變的光譜、PRP 的實證與 2025 年指引立場、誰比較適合、療程與技術，以及為什麼復健才是長期療效的關鍵。
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2026 Read in Chinese
打葡萄糖水有用嗎？增生療法與 PRP 差在哪
增生療法打的葡萄糖水真的有用嗎？跟 PRP 差在哪？為什麼打了兩次還沒感覺？這篇談增生療法是什麼、可能的作用機轉、和 PRP 與類固醇的差別、哪些狀況比較有實證、療程怎麼設計，以及治療前該問清楚哪些事。
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2026 Read in Chinese
肌內效貼布真的有效嗎？從證據到正確用法
奧運選手身上那條彩色貼布，到底是真有效還是心理作用？這篇談肌內效貼布是什麼、和傳統貼紮差在哪、可能的作用機轉、實證能到哪裡，以及常見貼法、張力與使用禁忌，幫你把期待放在合理的位置。
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2026 Read in Chinese
越練越退是過度訓練嗎？從警訊到恢復
練了三個月反而越來越差、晨間心率變高、休息一週還提不起勁？過度訓練症候群不是意志力問題。這篇談過度訓練的連續體、典型警訊、背後機轉、高風險條件、如何排除診斷，以及怎麼減量與預防。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
大轉子疼痛症候群：髖部外側痛的成因與治療
大轉子疼痛症候群是髖部外側疼痛的常見原因，過去稱轉子滑囊炎，現代理解為臀中肌與臀小肌肌腱病變。好發於中老年女性、跑者與髖外側負荷偏高者。這篇整理成因、診斷、以髖外展肌漸進訓練為核心的治療，以及注射與震波的證據強弱與定位。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
慢性下背痛：成因、紅旗警訊與運動治療
慢性下背痛多數屬於找不到單一結構原因的非特異性下背痛，影像上的退化在無症狀的人身上一樣常見。這篇整理成因與迷思、需要儘速就醫的紅旗警訊、影像檢查的時機，以及以維持活動與運動治療為核心的處理原則。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
肩峰下夾擠症候群：肩痛的成因、診斷與運動治療
舉手過頭會痛、抬到一半卡住的肩痛，過去稱肩峰下夾擠，現在多稱肩峰下疼痛症候群。這篇說明肩峰下空間與旋轉肌腱的角色、現代對夾擠機轉的重新理解、理學檢查與影像各自的角色，並解釋為什麼結構化運動治療是第一線，注射與手術減壓的效益近年為何受到重新檢視。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
腰椎間盤突出：症狀、診斷與保守治療
腰椎間盤突出常造成單側坐骨神經痛與下肢麻木，好發於久坐族與需搬重者。多數突出會隨時間吸收、症狀在數週到數月改善，保守治療是主要處置，本文整理機轉、神經根症狀、自然病程、馬尾症候群紅旗與手術時機的證據定位。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
腕隧道症候群：手麻的成因、診斷與治療選擇
腕隧道症候群是最常見的周邊神經壓迫，正中神經在手腕被壓迫，典型是拇指到無名指橈側半的夜間手麻。這篇整理成因、好發族群、理學檢查與神經傳導檢查的角色，以及從夜間副木、注射到手術減壓的治療階梯與各自證據強弱，說明何時該儘早就醫。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
膝退化性關節炎：成因、保守治療與運動處方
膝退化性關節炎（膝 OA）是高齡族群最常見的關節問題，但影像上的軟骨磨損和症狀不一定成正比。這篇整理它的現代成因、風險因子、診斷與嚴重度判讀，並說明為什麼運動治療與減重被多個國際指引列為證據較強的第一線做法，藥物、注射與手術各自的角色與階梯，以及一套可操作的運動處方原則。
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2026 Read in Chinese
髂脛束症候群：跑者膝外側痛的成因與復健
髂脛束症候群是跑者膝外側痛最常見的原因之一，好發於跑量驟增與下坡跑者。這篇整理現代對成因的理解（從摩擦說到脂肪墊壓迫）、門檻性疼痛的典型表現、鑑別診斷，以及以髖外展與外旋肌力訓練、負荷管理與跑姿調整為核心的復健方向，並說明伸展、滾筒、注射與震波的證據限制。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
PRP 注射後的復健安排：負荷管理與時程參考
PRP 注射不是打完就好，注射後幾週的漸進負荷與復健才是影響結果的重要環節。這篇整理注射後早期的相對休息原則、疼痛可容忍下的漸進負荷、分階段安排與常見誤區，並說明各部位證據強弱不一，時程一律因人與部位而異，需由醫師個別評估。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
玻尿酸注射治療膝關節退化：適應症、療程與證據解析
玻尿酸關節內注射是膝退化關節炎常被討論的黏彈補充療法，目的是補充關節液、改善潤滑與緩衝。但它的療效證據不一致，多數主要指引對常規使用偏保守或不建議。這篇整理機轉、適合誰、證據強弱、分子量與療程差異、副作用與較不適合的族群，說明它為什麼不是膝關節退化的首選。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
旋轉肌腱修補術後復健：分期進程與活動恢復
旋轉肌腱修補術後的復健，是肌腱重新長回骨頭的生物癒合、修補強度與功能需求之間的平衡。這篇整理保護、被動、主動與肌力強化四段的一般進程、各期大致時間範圍，以及撕裂大小、年齡與遵從度如何影響再撕裂風險，說明時程須由手術醫師與治療師依個別狀況安排，不宜自行加速。
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膝關節置換術後復健：階段目標、運動與注意事項
全膝關節置換（TKA）後的復健分階段進行，從早期關節活動與消腫，到中期肌力與步態，再到後期功能整合與活動回歸。這篇整理各階段的一般目標、關鍵運動面向、居家與住院復健的差異，以及深部靜脈血栓、傷口感染等警訊，時程一律因人而異，需由醫師與治療師個別安排。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
體外震波治療 ESWT：適應症、療程與證據強弱完整解析
體外震波（ESWT）是非侵入的門診聲波治療，常用於足底筋膜炎、大轉子疼痛症候群、阿基里斯肌腱病變與膝退化關節炎，但各部位證據品質不一。這篇整理機轉、聚焦式與放射狀機型差異、逐部位證據強弱、療程參數與副作用，說明它多半是保守治療後的二線選項。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
退化性旋轉肌撕裂的保守治療：運動、注射與手術時機
退化性旋轉肌撕裂多是年齡相關的漸進性肌腱退化，和外傷性撕裂不同。這篇說明兩者差異、為什麼多數非創傷性撕裂常先從結構化復健開始、運動治療與注射的角色與限制，以及何時需要考慮手術評估，強調保守治療為主、由醫師個別評估。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
髕骨軟化症的復健：成因、運動治療與注意事項
髕骨軟化症指髕骨後方軟骨的軟化或退變，臨床上常和膝前痛的髕骨股骨疼痛症候群（PFP／PFPS）交疊。這篇說明兩者的關係與差異、成因與風險因子、診斷角色，並整理以股四頭與髖部肌力訓練為核心的運動治療證據，適合上下樓或久坐膝前痛、常見於跑者與年輕族群的人參考。
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2026 Read in Chinese
關節與肌腱的類固醇注射：適應症、風險與使用時機
局部類固醇注射能快速壓下急性紅腫熱痛，短期止痛效果較明確，但它是抗發炎的橋接手段、不促進組織修復。這篇整理它的機轉、有實證的適應症、反覆注射對肌腱與軟骨的考量、局部與全身副作用，以及禁忌族群，說明為什麼它多半該搭配復健、由醫師控制次數與間隔使用。
Read in Chinese - 復健 2026 Read in Chinese
網球肘：實證治療完整指南
網球肘（肱骨外上髁肌腱病變）影響約 1–3% 成人，本質是肌腱的慢性退化而非單純發炎，且只有約 5% 真的和打網球有關。本文完整整理它的成因、自然病程、診斷與鑑別診斷，以及運動治療、護具、其他物理治療、體外震波與注射（類固醇、PRP）的實證現況與證據強弱，並說明如何安全回到運動與工作、預防復發。
Read in Chinese - Sports Med 2026 English
Injured While Exercising? PEACE & LOVE, the Principle Replacing PRICE
For acute sprains and strains, the 2020 British Journal of Sports Medicine PEACE & LOVE protocol has replaced the long-used PRICE, emphasizing protection over prolonged rest and recognizing inflammation as part of healing. This article explains each step and addresses common myths about icing, anti-inflammatories, and complete rest.
Read article - Exercise 2026 English
Should You Stretch Before Exercising? Static Stretching Versus Dynamic Warm-Up
Does stretching your calves and legs before exercise really prevent injury and boost performance? This article distinguishes the purposes and timing of static stretching and dynamic warm-up, favoring dynamic movement before training, and offers warm-up sequences for running, weight training, and ball sports.
Read article - Research 2025 English
Knee Osteoarthritis: How Long Do PRP Injection Effects Last? Recent Research Offers Clearer Answers
Patients considering platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for knee osteoarthritis often ask whether it works and how long the benefit lasts. This article reviews recent research on PRP's effectiveness and durability compared with options like hyaluronic acid and pain medication.
Read article - Rehab 2025 English
Knee Osteoarthritis Pain? Understanding Dextrose Prolotherapy (DPT): Mechanism, Effects, Risks, and Practical Considerations
Beyond painkillers, hyaluronic acid, and joint replacement, dextrose prolotherapy (DPT) offers an option between conservative care and surgery for knee osteoarthritis. This article clarifies how it works, its evidence and safety, and who may or may not be suitable.
Read article - Sports Med 2025 English
Facing Surgery With Sarcopenia? A Doctor Explains Prehabilitation to Rebuild Muscle Before Surgery
Sarcopenia, low muscle mass and strength, is an often-overlooked factor that can lead to longer hospital stays, more complications, and slower recovery after surgery. This article explains how prehabilitation in the weeks before surgery can help prepare the body.
Read article - Research 2025 English
PRP or Corticosteroid? Considerations for Choosing Injection Therapy in Sports Injuries and Pain
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and corticosteroid injections are two common treatments for sports injuries, but they differ markedly in mechanism, effect, and risk. This article compares the two, especially when repeated injections may be needed.
Read article - Research 2025 English
Tennis Elbow After PRP Injection: Tracking Recovery With Ultrasound
Lateral epicondylitis, known as tennis elbow, is a common tendon insertion disorder affecting about 1 to 3 percent of adults aged 40 to 55. This article reviews how ultrasound is used to follow tendon recovery after PRP injection in persistent cases.
Read article - Research 2025 English
How to Treat Achilles Tendon Rupture? A Recent Systematic Review Comparing Surgical and Conservative Care
Acute Achilles tendon rupture is increasingly common, especially among active people and older men, yet whether surgery or conservative treatment works better remains debated. This article reviews a 2025 systematic review by Yang and colleagues comparing outcomes.
Read article - Research 2025 English
Key Factors in PRP Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Platelet Concentration and White Blood Cells
As the aging and active population grows, demand for effective, longer-lasting nonsurgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis is rising. This article examines how platelet concentration and white blood cell content may influence the effectiveness and safety of PRP injections.
Read article - Sports Med 2025 English
What Is Gymnast's Wrist (Distal Radial Physeal Stress Syndrome)? A Cause of Wrist Pain in Young Gymnasts
Gymnast's wrist is a common overuse injury in adolescent gymnasts, in which the distal radial growth plate is stressed by repeated axial loading, compression, twisting, and traction. This article reviews its epidemiology, with wrist pain reported in a large share of young gymnasts.
Read article - Research 2025 English
Ranking Injection Treatments for Knee Osteoarthritis: PRP, Hyaluronic Acid, or Corticosteroid for the Long Term?
A 2025 network meta-analysis of 37 trials and 5,089 patients compared combined PRP plus hyaluronic acid, PRP alone, hyaluronic acid alone, and corticosteroid. This article summarizes the one-year pain and function outcomes, along with indications and limitations.
Read article - Research 2025 English
Growth Factors Behind PRP Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis is a common chronic condition rising with aging and obesity. While NSAIDs, corticosteroid, and hyaluronic acid injections offer temporary relief, this article examines how platelet-rich plasma promotes tissue regeneration through its growth factors.
Read article - Research 2025 English
Knee Osteoarthritis Therapy: Is Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined With Hyaluronic Acid More Effective?
Knee osteoarthritis, marked by cartilage wear, bone spurs, and joint effusion, is common in older adults but can appear earlier with sports injury or obesity. This article examines whether combining PRP with hyaluronic acid offers greater benefit than either alone.
Read article - Running 2025 English
Run Farther and Safer: What Recent Research Says About Effectively Preventing Running Injuries
Running may look simple, but recreational runners face a 32 to 50 percent risk of a running-related injury within a year, and higher for beginners and adolescents. This article draws on recent systematic research to explain why injury prevention is more complex than it seems.
Read article - Sports Med 2025 English
A Complete Guide to Accessory Bones of the Foot: Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Accessory bones of the foot are extra small bones formed during development, a normal variant present in an estimated 5 to 40 percent of people. Most cause no symptoms, but some can trigger pain. This article covers common types such as the accessory navicular and os trigonum.
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How Weather Affects Marathon Performance: From Scientific Analysis to Practical Strategies
Temperature, humidity, wind, and rain strongly affect marathon performance, with an ideal racing climate around 5 to 10 degrees Celsius. This article explains why temperature is the leading environmental factor in marathon times and offers strategies to cope with the conditions.
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NBA Rising Star Wembanyama's Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Complete Guide to DVT
Venous thromboembolism involves clots forming in veins, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which most often affects the legs and pelvis but can also occur in the arms as effort-related thrombosis. This article explains DVT, its symptoms, and the risk of pulmonary embolism.
Read article - Sports Med 2025 English
Improving Recovery Before and After Surgery Through Exercise and Nutrition
Surgery places major physiological and psychological stress on the body across every stage from preparation to recovery. This article explains how good nutrition and fitness support surgical success, and reviews prehabilitation, exercise and nutrition before surgery to improve outcomes.
Read article - Sports Med 2025 English
Unexplained Calf Pain? Understanding the Difference Between Acute and Chronic Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome occurs when pressure within a lower-leg compartment rises abnormally, restricting blood flow and causing tissue ischemia. This article distinguishes acute compartment syndrome, a medical emergency often caused by trauma, from chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS).
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The Importance of Resistance Exercise: Challenging Conventional Views and Reshaping Health
Aerobic exercise has long been seen as the key to better health and forms the core of most exercise guidelines. This article reviews growing research on resistance exercise and its increasingly recognized role in promoting health.
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Quadrupedal Movement Training: What Are the Health Benefits?
Quadrupedal movement training (QMT), performed on hands and feet or hands and knees, is becoming popular in fitness and rehabilitation. This article explains this whole-body bodyweight training and how it may improve stability, joint range of motion, and coordination.
Read article - Sports Med 2024 English
From Jumps to Falls: Understanding the Causes of Patellar Fractures
Patellar fractures arise from direct or indirect trauma. Direct trauma typically causes comminuted fractures with minimal displacement, while indirect trauma from excessive extensor-mechanism loading often produces transverse fractures with significant displacement and possible extensor retinaculum disruption. This article explains the mechanisms.
Read article - Sports Med 2024 English
Loose-feeling shoulder? Understanding acromioclavicular joint separation for contact athletes and manual workers
Acromioclavicular joint separation accounts for about 10% of shoulder girdle injuries, most often in young men aged 20 to 30. This article reviews injury mechanisms, radiographic grading of AC and coracoclavicular ligament damage, and treatment options.
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Scaphoid Fracture Explained: The Most Common Hidden Danger Among the Carpal Bones
The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone, typically injured by falling on an outstretched, hyperextended wrist. Because its blood supply runs in reverse, proximal fractures carry a higher risk of nonunion. This article reviews fracture sites and healing risks.
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Ankle fracture history and typical symptoms: how to recognize and manage them quickly
Ankle fractures affect roughly 170 per 100,000 people yearly, with about 70% being single-malleolus injuries, most commonly the lateral malleolus. This article covers risk factors, typical presentation, and how to identify and manage these fractures.
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The danger of high ankle sprains: risks and prognosis for people who sprain their ankles often
A high ankle sprain is a syndesmotic injury disrupting the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and interosseous membrane, usually from sudden external rotation and dorsiflexion. It can mean prolonged time away from sport and may require surgery.
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Finger impact injuries: essential knowledge on distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint dislocation
The finger has proximal (PIP) and distal (DIP) interphalangeal joints, with the PIP most often injured in sport. This article explains DIP joint anatomy, its limited range of motion, and how dislocations of this joint are managed.
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Shoulder dislocation and axillary nerve injury: the essentials
The axillary nerve arises from the posterior cord (mainly C5 and C6), passing through the quadrangular space to supply the deltoid and teres minor. This article reviews how shoulder dislocation and humeral neck fracture can injure it.
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Is exercise-induced athlete's heart good or bad? Here's the truth
Athlete's heart is a generally benign physiological adaptation to exercise, marked by ventricular hypertrophy and bradycardia with preserved function. This article explains how its features can overlap with cardiomyopathy and why careful evaluation matters.
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Why does your foot feel like you're stepping on a pebble? Understanding forefoot pain
Forefoot pain occurs at the ball of the foot behind the toes, often described as sharp, aching, or burning, sometimes feeling like a pebble in the shoe. This article explains its primary and secondary causes rather than a single diagnosis.
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Sternal fracture risk: car crashes, sport, and chest compressions as possible causes
Sternal fractures occur in about 5% of blunt chest trauma, most often at the manubrium, and also arise during CPR. This article explains sternal anatomy, common injury mechanisms, and why these fractures need careful assessment.
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Lateral foot pain warning: causes and treatment strategies for fifth metatarsal fractures
Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures vary widely in cause, prognosis, and treatment, and mishandling can lead to chronic pain and instability. This article reviews the Lawrence and Botte classification, including tuberosity avulsions and Jones fractures, and management options.
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The impact of talus fractures: from anatomy to the challenges of high-risk sports
Talus fractures are relatively rare and usually involve the talar neck, lateral process, or osteochondral dome. This article explains the talus's role in the ankle and subtalar joints and why these injuries are challenging to manage.
Read article - Sports Med 2024 English
How much do you know about Achilles tendon rupture? Causes and post-operative training advice
Achilles tendon rupture usually occurs 2 to 6 centimeters above the calcaneal insertion, where blood supply is poorer. It is common in men aged 30 to 40, especially occasional weekend-warrior athletes. This article covers causes and post-operative rehabilitation.
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Overcoming foot pain: understanding tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy from compression of the tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus, common in athletes and those with prior ankle sprains. This article covers symptoms, Tinel's and dorsiflexion-eversion tests, imaging, and treatment options.
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Calf feels like it got kicked? Understanding the causes and treatment of tennis leg
Tennis leg presents as a sudden calf injury, often described as feeling kicked. The calf comprises the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and the deeper soleus. This article explains the causes and treatment of this muscle tear.
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Morton's neuroma: a cause of foot pain that middle-aged women should watch for
Morton's neuroma is a fibrotic, inflammatory change in an interdigital nerve, usually between the third and fourth metatarsal heads. It affects middle-aged women about five times more than men. This article reviews its presentation and risk factors.
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Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear rehabilitation guide: how to support recovery and stability
The posterior cruciate ligament sits deep in the knee behind the ACL, preventing the tibia from sliding backward relative to the femur. This article explains how PCL tears affect knee stability and outlines a rehabilitation approach.
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Understanding cervical disc herniation: causes, risks, and treatment methods
Prolonged sitting among students and office workers has raised the incidence of abnormal cervical curvature. This article explains how the cervical lordosis and its load-bearing role relate to disc herniation, nerve root compression, and available treatment options.
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Is your low back pain caused by a missing lumbar segment? Exploring Bertolotti's syndrome
Bertolotti's syndrome causes low back pain from a congenital lumbosacral anomaly, typically abnormal fusion of the L5 transverse process with the sacrum or ilium. This lumbosacral transitional vertebra increases mechanical stress and pain risk in the region.
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Acute and chronic bursitis flare-ups: how to distinguish and respond
Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, the fluid-filled sac that cushions between bone, tendon, muscle, and skin. It may be superficial, such as olecranon bursitis, or deep, such as subacromial bursitis, and can be acute or chronic.
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Sports medicine in Greek mythology: a complete look at Achilles tendinopathy
The term Achilles' heel comes from the myth of the warrior Achilles. Distinct from tendon rupture, Achilles tendinopathy is an overuse injury causing pain in the back of the calf and heel. This article explains it fully.
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Rehabilitation strategy after medial ankle sprain: key steps to reduce chronic instability
A medial ankle sprain injures the deltoid ligament complex when the foot is forced into eversion and external rotation. This article explains the grading of these sprains and outlines a rehabilitation strategy to reduce chronic instability.
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Avoiding posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: understanding the risks and common management
The posterior tibial tendon is the main dynamic support of the medial arch. Overuse can cause posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, marked by pain along the medial foot and behind the medial malleolus. This article reviews risks and management.
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Four Patterns of ACL Injury in Women's Soccer: Prevention and Response Strategies
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common and disruptive injuries in professional women's soccer. Research shows female athletes in intermittent team sports face a 2- to 6-fold higher ACL injury risk than men.
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Is Tailbone Pain Linked to the Season? Causes, Diagnosis, and Relief Measures
The coccyx is the triangular bone at the very end of the spine. This article explains coccyx fractures and coccydynia, often caused by falling onto a seated position or related to childbirth, along with their functions, diagnosis, and management options.
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Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)? Try These Science-Backed Relief Strategies
Delayed onset muscle soreness typically begins 6 to 12 hours after exercise and peaks at 48 to 72 hours. This article covers the diagnostic approach, symptom features, and evidence-informed strategies that may help ease post-exercise soreness.
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From Prevention to Treatment: Understanding Meniscus Tears and Treatment Options
The knee has two C-shaped meniscus cartilages that distribute load, absorb shock, and stabilize the joint. This article explains meniscal anatomy, the vascular zones affecting healing, and the range of treatment options available.
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Origins and Development of Super Slow Jogging: Basic Science and Clinical Applications of Its Physiological Benefits
What is super slow jogging? This article traces its origins to Professor Hiroaki Tanaka's 2017 research, reviews the physiological basis behind this low-intensity training style, and discusses its clinical applications and Zone 2 exercise.
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PRP Therapy and Its Interactions With Common Medications
Basic research on how medications affect platelet-rich plasma (PRP) remains limited. This article summarizes current guidance from medical societies and expert reviews on how corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and other drugs may influence PRP treatment.
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Decoding Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Diagnosis and Treatment of Its Different Types
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) produces neurological or vascular symptoms in the upper limb when the neurovascular bundle is compressed near the first rib and clavicle. This article explains its varied presentations, subtypes, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Myth-Busting: Tennis Elbow May Not Be Inflammatory, and Traditional Anti-Inflammatory Treatment May Not Last
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) results from overuse of the forearm and wrist extensor tendons. Research suggests the underlying pathology is angiofibroblastic degeneration and disorganized collagen rather than true inflammation, which affects treatment choices.
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Heel Fat Pad Syndrome: Often Misdiagnosed as Plantar Fasciitis
Heel fat pad syndrome is the second most common cause of heel pain after plantar fasciitis, accounting for about 14.8% of cases. It is often misdiagnosed as plantar fasciitis, yet differs in risk factors, symptoms, and treatment.
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Runner's Notebook: How to Reduce and Prevent Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS)
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), often called shin splints, is an overuse injury causing pain along the posteromedial border of the middle to lower third of the shin during exercise. This article covers its mechanisms and prevention.
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An In-Depth Look at Calcific Tendinitis: From Symptoms to Treatment
Calcific tendinitis can occur anywhere but mainly affects the rotator cuff of the shoulder, causing pain and limited movement. Calcium deposits within the tendon raise internal pressure, and symptoms often ease within three to six months.
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Swelling Behind the Knee? The Unpredictable Baker's Cyst
A Baker's cyst is a cystic swelling of the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa, usually on the medial side of the popliteal fossa. It may be primary, common in children, or secondary, and is often linked to fluid within the knee joint.
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Sciatica Explained: From Self-Recovery to Possible Recurrence Along the Path to Pain Relief
Sciatica is a broad term describing nerve pain rather than a specific diagnosis, arising when a lumbar nerve root is compressed. This article explains its causes, such as disc herniation and spinal stenosis, and the road to recovery.
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The Piriformis Syndrome You Know and the Deep Gluteal Syndrome You May Not
Piriformis syndrome, where the sciatic nerve is compressed by the piriformis muscle, is estimated to account for 6% to 8% of sciatica cases. Recent research suggests the term deep gluteal syndrome may better describe this condition.
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Shoulder Pain in Middle Age: Understanding Frozen Shoulder from Symptoms to Treatment
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) arises from thickening, fibrosis, and adhesion of the shoulder joint capsule to the humeral head. Its main feature is painful restriction of the shoulder's range of motion, and this article covers its course and treatment.
Read article - Clinic 2024 English
Falls in Older Adults: A Growing but Preventable Problem
According to the US CDC, fall-related deaths have risen about 30% over the past decade as the older population grows. Around 36 million older adults fall each year in the US, and this article addresses how these falls may be prevented.
Read article - Clinic 2023 English
Nutrition Recommendations for Repairing Tendon and Ligament Injuries
Tendon and ligament injuries are among the most common sports injuries. Research supports the role of collagen and nutrients that promote its synthesis, such as vitamin C, in recovery, which this article reviews for tissue healing.
Read article - Running 2023 English
Training the Foot's Core Muscles to Reduce Running Injuries
A 2020 American Journal of Sports Medicine study followed 118 runners assigned to either a foot core training group performing guided intrinsic foot muscle exercises for eight weeks or a comparison group, examining effects on running injuries.
Read article - 游泳 2023 Read in Chinese
談寶寶游泳面面觀
隨著幼兒的發展越來越受到重視 ，父母無不希望在嬰兒早期就能夠提供足夠的刺激，引導孩子的發展，因而寶寶游泳這些年越來越盛行。 另外近幾年快速興起的另一個水中活動是嬰兒SPA，透過脖圈游泳讓嬰兒可以在水中接受按摩及參與水的活動。 這些年的研究，也確實認為在生命早期（甚至是三歲以內）足夠的運動與知覺的刺激, 長期而言對孩子的
Read in Chinese - Rehab 2023 English
Unraveling Plantar Fasciitis: From Basic to Advanced Treatment
Plantar fasciitis accounts for about 80% of heel pain cases and is common in runners, people aged 40 to 60, and those who stand for long periods. This article covers its mechanisms, risk factors, diagnosis, and conservative and surgical options.
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Don't Panic Over a Lateral Ankle Injury: A Quick Response Guide
Lateral ankle sprains are among the most common sports injuries, affecting athletes and non-athletes alike. Unlike the broad, strong deltoid ligament on the medial side, the lateral ankle relies on several smaller ligaments for static stability.
Read article - 復健 2023 Read in Chinese
為何手指會卡住？板機指的探索與對策
基本介紹 屈指肌腱(FDS)發炎的結節卡在第一個環形 (A1) 滑輪上 對於板機指的患者，A1 滑輪會發炎並變厚，使得手指彎曲時屈肌腱不容易滑過，隨著時間持續，屈肌腱可能發炎，並在其表面形成小結節，進一步加重病情。當手指彎曲，增厚的結節穿過增厚緊繃的滑輪時，有卡住或彈出的感覺 流行病學 性別：女性 > 男性（女性是男性
Read in Chinese - 復健 2023 Read in Chinese
為何拇指動一動就痛？媽媽手的成因與治療
媽媽手基本介紹 移動拇指時，會感到卡住或明顯疼痛，逐漸變嚴重的手腕痛，可能會有聲響(wrist crepitus)，手腕局部會有腫脹壓痛，有時會看到手腕腫脹，伴隨著充滿液體的囊腫 1895 年由瑞士醫生 Fritz de Quervain 首次描述 學術名稱狄奎凡氏症de quervain syndrome，代表的是手
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2023 Read in Chinese
滑雪時的意外之痛：揭開大拇指疼痛的秘密
在第一掌指腕節（Metacarpophalangeal，縮寫：MCP）關節的尺側副韌帶（Ulnar Collateral Ligament，縮寫：UCL）拉傷，這樣的病灶又稱為滑雪者拇指、獵場看守人拇指，是因為過去歷史發現獵人在捕獵時扭轉兔子等小動物的脖子而患上慢性尺側副韌帶損傷的情況。雖然這兩個術語經常互換使用，但滑
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2023 Read in Chinese
「槌狀指」傷害大解密！打球不可不知的手指吃蘿蔔乾 Mallet finger
上週剛處理完膝蓋疼痛的黃先生進來診間，因為膝蓋疼痛改善很多，想要回去打球，結果週末打籃球吃了蘿蔔乾，中指變得有點奇怪 他說：以前年輕的時候類似的狀況休息個一兩天就好了，這次中指卻沒有辦法伸直，所以有點擔心，想請我看一下，聽到狀況只能心中苦笑，跟他說：類似案例應該是這個月第三個了，第一個復原得還不錯，第二個還在努力中，沒
Read in Chinese - 運醫 2023 Read in Chinese
深入了解肌肉撕裂傷：從傳統三級到近期五級分類系統
東京奧運選手肌肉撕裂傷數據統計 門診最常被問的問題之一，就是需要休息多久才會好？ 有些損傷狀況好回答，因為有足夠多的實證研究跟門診經驗，能夠預測出大致區間，有些需要再觀察才知道，因為病人已經痛好幾個月、甚至好幾年，除了診斷正確之外也需要觀察治療後的回饋與進步狀況才能判斷。 其中肌肉損傷就是門診常遇到的問題之一，肌肉拉傷
Read in Chinese - Sports Med 2023 English
Key Treatment Strategies for Patellar Tendinopathy of the Knee
Jumper's knee is patellar tendinopathy caused by repeated jumping or landing, where repeated tendon loading produces microdamage and an inflammatory response. This article explains the tendon's composition, its reduced blood supply, and treatment strategies.
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Rotator Cuff Tears: How to Treat and Support Recovery
Rotator cuff problems include subacromial or subdeltoid bursitis, rotator cuff tendinopathy, and partial- or full-thickness tears. This article explains these conditions and the treatment approaches that may support recovery.
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What Is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome? A Detailed Overview
Pain around or behind the kneecap is a common overuse injury with many contributors, including altered biomechanics, poor lower-limb alignment, and muscle imbalance. This article explains its causes, epidemiology, and lower-impact activity options such as swimming and yoga.
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What Active People Should Know: Understanding and Preventing Bone Stress Injury (BSI)
Bone stress injury is an overuse problem caused by repetitive weight-bearing activity such as running, jogging, or marching combined with inadequate recovery. This article covers how it develops, who is at risk, and practical approaches to prevention and treatment.
Read article - Rehab 2022 English
Do I Need Treatment for Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a frequent concern among older clinic patients. This article reviews Taiwanese epidemiology, noting that one in five men and roughly twice as many women over fifty are affected, and explains why this often symptom-free condition matters.
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Debunking Common Myths About Running and Osteoarthritis
Does running wear out your knees? Drawing on a British Journal of Sports Medicine article and a real clinic case graded on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale, this piece examines the evidence behind common myths linking running to knee osteoarthritis.
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Hamstring Strain in Soccer and Running
Hamstring strain is among the most common sports injuries. This article reviews the three muscles involved, the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, and explains the injury mechanism that typically occurs during the late swing phase of gait.
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Sport-Specific Injuries: Acute and Chronic Cycling Injuries
Cycling injuries fall into acute traumatic injuries from crashes, such as fractures and soft-tissue tears, and chronic overuse injuries affecting the neck, knees, groin, wrists, and back. Studies show about 38% are traumatic and 62% overuse.
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The Different Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is common in adults over 65, yet its definition varies worldwide. This article compares the several diagnostic standards in use, including the Asian Working Group criteria most often referenced in Taiwan, and explains why they differ.
Read article - Exercise 2021 English
Understanding Obesity and Its Exercise Prescription
Obesity is recognized as a disease, and countries worldwide have developed their own treatment guidelines. This article introduces obesity as a health condition, reviews the many problems associated with excess weight, and outlines an evidence-informed exercise prescription.
Read article - Exercise 2021 English
Exercise Prescription for Diabetes
Diabetes is a common chronic condition, and poor blood sugar control raises the risk of complications such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, and kidney disease. This article explains insulin's role and how exercise can help.
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Exercise Prescription for Hypertension
Blending medical history with practical guidance, this article introduces hypertension and its exercise prescription, tracing how our understanding of blood circulation and blood pressure measurement developed before outlining how physical activity fits into managing high blood pressure.
Read article - 游泳 2021 Read in Chinese
游泳的能量消耗？從四式的不同談起
過去不少人說游泳不容易減重，體重的減少來自總熱量的輸入與消耗，如果累積的熱量消耗大於輸出，體重就自然會減少，不同的運動，包括足球、跑步、阻力訓練等都是如此，如果在每次運動後就補充大量的熱量，遠遠超過剛剛運動才消耗的熱量，想透過運動來減重其實很難。 不同的運動類型能量消耗的速率不同，有的快，有的慢，關鍵在於是否了解其中的
Read in Chinese - Rehab 2021 English
Plantar Fasciitis: Recommended Management
That sharp jolt when you step out of bed in the morning? The plantar fascia runs from the heel across the five metatarsals, forming part of the arch. This article explains why pain is worst in the morning or after prolonged standing, and outlines recommended management.
Read article - Exercise 2021 English
The Hidden Danger Nearby: Exercise Prescription for Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia is a silent condition with no early symptoms yet is linked to many diseases, including stroke and heart attack. This article explains why diet, exercise, and medication together are essential, focusing on the exercise component.
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Exercising Doesn't Guarantee Strength: Exercise Prescription for Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is the progressive decline in muscle mass, strength, and power after age 40. Research shows progressive resistance training is first-line, and combining it with aerobic and balance work plus protein, essential amino acids, and vitamin D helps.
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How Should You Exercise With Osteoporosis? An Exercise Prescription
Many people with osteoporosis avoid exercise for fear of injury, especially recalling that hip fracture in older adults raises three-month mortality. Through a real clinic case, this article addresses those fears and outlines a safe exercise prescription.
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I'm Only in My Fifties. Why Do I Have Sarcopenia? Comparing Body Muscle-Mass Measurement Devices
Through the story of an active woman in her fifties who felt weaker climbing stairs and had a grip strength of only 16 kilograms, this article explains early sarcopenia and compares the devices used to measure muscle mass.
Read article - 游泳 2021 Read in Chinese
游泳中舉足輕重的踝關節角度
踝關節是最容易出現運動傷害的位置，近年踝關節的穩定性與關節活動度受到很多運動訓練的重視，游泳項目也很在意自己的踝關節，因為捷泳、蝶泳、仰泳都需要大角度的踝關節活動度，蛙式比較特別，需要一個高技巧性的足踝動作，才能完成有效的蛙式踢水。 比賽中自由式、蝶式跟仰式的前15公尺的水底下海豚踢，前進的效率也跟踝關節有很大的關係。
Read in Chinese - Swimming 2021 English
Lower-Limb Injuries in Breaststroke Swimming
Breaststroke can cause knee pain, most often on the medial side related to the medial collateral ligament or bursitis, though patellofemoral pain and patellar tendinopathy are possible. Long-term, some experienced swimmers develop chondromalacia, as observed at the Mayo Clinic.
Read article - Swimming 2021 English
Home Exercise Training for Swimmer's Shoulder
Swimming causes few acute injuries but many chronic ones, and swimmer's shoulder varies from person to person, sometimes with neck tightness. This article shows how simple exercises done consistently over eight weeks may improve rounded shoulders and pain.
Read article - Swimming 2021 English
Ultrasound Findings of Swimmer's Shoulder in US Olympic Swimmers
Swimmer's shoulder has many causes and remains difficult to assess. This article reviews an American Journal of Sports Medicine study of elite athletes, highlighting why dynamic ultrasound examination adds valuable findings beyond a standard static scan.
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How Much Bone Loss Before Osteoporosis Shows on an X-Ray?
X-ray is not the gold-standard test for osteoporosis, though it can suggest bone loss through changes in density, trabeculae, and shape. Research indicates more than 30% of bone must be lost before it clearly appears on plain films.
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游泳可能造成的姿勢改變
上週遇到一位游泳選手，在某大師那邊接受快一年的增生治療，也去醫學中心骨科做過核磁共振，雙肩疼痛的狀況仍然反覆，一直沒有明確的答案，問完病史跟訓練狀況後，透過肌肉與評估姿勢後，心中知道這是不少游泳選手的痛。 游泳選手的訓練通常全年無休，只休過年幾天，每週大多週日沒練，雖然訓練強度隨著賽季會有高低不同，但訓練會讓某些過度使
Read in Chinese - Rehab 2020 English
Screening and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia
First proposed in the 1980s, sarcopenia describes age-related loss of both muscle mass and function. This article explains the screening and diagnostic criteria developed for Asian populations by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia through repeated expert meetings.
Read article - Swimming 2020 English
How Much Swimming Leads to Shoulder Pain?
Swimmer's shoulder worries many swimmers, with reports that 91% have experienced shoulder pain and 84% impingement symptoms. Causes include the biceps tendon, rotator cuff, and scapular instability, most commonly supraspinatus tendinopathy of the rotator cuff.
Read article - Sports Med 2020 English
Post-Operative Rehabilitation Assessment After ACL Reconstruction
ACL injuries are common in basketball, soccer, and volleyball. This article emphasizes that rehabilitation before and after surgery matters as much as the operation itself, and reviews how post-operative recovery is assessed to restore function and return to sport.
Read article - Research 2020 English
BJSM: Ten New Concepts About Low Back Pain
Drawing on an editorial in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, this article presents ten helpful facts about low back pain, accompanied by a visual infographic designed to make these evidence-based concepts easier to remember.
Read article - 游泳 2019 Read in Chinese
游泳解剖學 陸上訓練計畫(dryland training programs)
科學化訓練不可忽視的一環 陸上訓練計畫的重要性在近幾年越來越被強調，因為在反覆固定姿勢的游泳訓練後，容易強化某些常用肌群，可能造成肌力與姿勢的失調、肌肉彈性變差。 例如游泳四式常用肌群提到的胸大肌 (pectoralis major) 、闊背肌 (latissimus dorsi) 等，而忽略掉提供穩定的小肌肉，例如中
Read in Chinese - 游泳 2019 Read in Chinese
游泳解剖學 游泳四式常用肌群
Swimming anatomy 這本書在 amazon 評價超過4.5顆星，其中一半以上的讀者給予5顆星，目前有英文版，也有繁中與簡中譯本可以參考，會想看這本書，主要想複習游泳解剖相關知識，了解游泳四式、以及出發轉身動作的肌群，強化核心肌群與減少肌力不平衡的狀況，增加游泳的效率與減少運動傷害的發生。 整個游泳的過程，
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下背痛該小心的游泳姿勢
過去門診常建議下背痛的病人適合的運動，游泳對於下背痛的人來說，是個不錯的運動方式，因為水中的浮力與阻力，可以訓練核心肌群又可以減輕背部的負擔，例如僵直性患者有下背痛的問題，游泳是很好的緩解方式，但如果下背痛的狀況較嚴重，有壓迫神經的可能，有些游泳姿勢可能要小心。 原文刊登在康健雜誌 脊椎是由頸椎、胸椎、腰椎跟薦椎所組成
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